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Reprinted with Permission of
Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange
www.callapple.org
Special thanks to Bill Martens for his help in obtaining this article!
Call-A.P.P.L.E. ™
Volume VI Number 3
March 1983
$2.50 ($3.00 Canada, £1.75 UK.)
A CALL -A.P.P.L.E. REVIEW:
Anatomy of an Eamon Adventure
Download a PDF file of this article
(19.90 MB)
Reprinted with Permission of
Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange
www.callapple.org
COMPUTERIZED adventure games have
been surrounded by an aura of mystery that has nothing to do with their story
lines. Simply stated, the mystery is this: no one knows how they work.
Like most mysteries, adventure
programs are pretty straightforward once the hidden parts are revealed. To bring
these secrets to light, let’s look at the EAMON adventure system by Donald
Brown, which is a set of BASIC programs for the APPLE ][ and available to
members at $4.00 each on the A.P.P.L.E. "As Is" software series. EAMON is a good
choice because it’s a good system, it’s all in BASIC, and it’s in the public
domain, which means that you can adapt or copy it at will. It does most of the
things that all-text adventures do, so studying it can give you a good idea of
how adventure games work.
EAMON is a set of programs on disk
which call each other as necessary, passing data through text files. The number
of programs varies slightly depending on whether you have the original version
or an altered one. In my own version I have merged several of the programs
together, reducing the number of programs somewhat.
Warning: This gets a little
intricate. If you don’t care to know about the different programs, and just want
to get the crucial stuff, skip this section.
The HELLO program runs when you boot
the EAMON Master Disk. It loads an impressive picture of a dragon to the
high-resolution graphics display to give you something to look at, then it runs
a pro gram called THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF EAMON.
THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF EAMON is the
program that comes up with characters for you to play in the adventure. It
prompts for your character’s name, then tries to find an existing character of
the same name in the file CHARACTERS. If it doesn’t find him, it asks if you
spelled if correctly (giving you a chance to try again). If you insist your
spelling was correct, the program decides that you must be starting a new
character and creates one for you, storing the data in the file CHARACTERS, and
the name of your character and his record number to the file THE ADVENTURER. It
also gives you a chance to read the instructions (Listing 1).
If the name you gave matches with an
existing record in CHARACTERS, his name and record number are writ ten to THE
ADVENTURER. In both cases, the next thing the program does is to issue the
command, "RUN MAIN HALL."
The MAIN HALL is where characters go
to buy and sell weapons, buy armour and spells, and depart for adventures. The
MAIN HALL reads the number stored in THE ADVENTURER, then reads in the character
record of the same number from CHARACTERS.
After doing all the buying and
selling that appeals to him, the player has two options: he can send his
character on an adventure, or quit. If he quits, his updated character record is
resaved in CHARACTERS. If he decides to go on an adventure, the character record
is partially erased (although the data still exists in pro gram variables), and
the player is prompted to insert the disk with the adventure on it. The
character’s data is written to a file named FRESH MEAT, and the file EAMON.NAME
is read. EAMON.NAME contains the name of the adventure program. The MAIN HALL
then runs the program of that name, and the main adventure begins.
Okay, so it’s complicated. The code
that does all the file manipulations is a lot shorter than the explanations,
though, and passing parameters between programs is not the crucial part of
EAMON, anyway. We’ll get to the good stuff in a minute.
The reason why the character record
is partially erased before the character embarks on an adventure is to make sure
that if he dies on the adventure, he stays dead. As it is, there are only two
ways to get your character’s statistics back into the CHARACTERS file. One is to
survive the adventure. The other is to use the RESURRECT program on the EAMON
Utility Disk (which contains other interesting programs, as well). Resurrecting
a character is considered cheating by purists, but everyone does it anyway.
The program called by the MAIN HALL
usually prints out introductory material for the adventure; telling you what’s
going on, what your character is supposed to do, and so forth. This program in
turn calls another program (don’t worry, we’re almost there): the BASE DUNGEON
PRO GRAM, which does the actual adventure. The rest of this article will deal
with the BASE program.
The main activity of an adventure
program is a loop: the program gets a command from the player, figures out what
it means, goes to the appropriate routines to carry out the command, and returns
to get another command. This loop continues until the adventure is completed,
the character dies, or the power is turned off.
Getting commands is an easy job. All
it takes is a statement like "INPUT As." Breaking the command into words, and
identifying the actions corresponding to the words is also pretty easy, it turns
out. The routines that carry out the actions are usually fairly simple, too.
So where’s the hard part? The
individual parts are all easy, but there are a lot of individual parts. A pro
gram that puts them all together can be immense. This makes the design job
difficult enough that most people who’d like to write adventures never get
started. Fortunately, EAMON makes a good base for all sorts of adventures, and
the design work for the programs has already been done.
One of the most useful things about
the EAMON system is that the same BASE program is used (with minor alterations)
with all the EAMON adventures. This is possible because all the information
about a specific adventure is kept in text files, and this data is what controls
the adventure.
For example, the information about
which rooms connect where is kept in a text file, which is loaded into an array
at the beginning of the adventure. This data controls where the adventurer can
go. Monster data is likewise kept in files, so the creatures you encounter will
vary from one adventure to the next.
The files for each EAMON adventure are:
These files provide all the information required to run a unique adventure.
Reading the listing of the EAMON
adventure system is necessary if you want to understand the way EAMON works. I
have added a large number of remarks to the listing to make it more
comprehensible (there are very few comments in the original program.) Once you
under stand how this program works, you should be able to write your own
adventure program, if that appeals to you. If you want to write adventures, but
don’t want to design a new pro gram, EAMON is the system for you. It’s only
available for the Apple 11 (as far as I know), but it would be fairly easy to
convert it to run on other machines.
This is my version of the BASE
program, which is a modification of John Nelson’s modification to Donald Brown’s
original. John Nelson’s version is the one on the Dungeon Designer Version 5.0;
mine is Version 5.1, and previous versions are (as far as I can tell) Donald
Brown’s original creation. A number of routines have been changed. Some of these
make the program run faster, some correct errors in coding or concept in the
original, and some make the output more readable.
Lines 100-900 make up the main loop.
Lines 100-200 print out a description for the room and each monster and object
in it. If something has been encountered before, its name is printed. If
something is being seen for the first time, the long description is printed.
Lines 200-290 get the player’s
command and process it. The input is broken into a subject and verb (S$ and V$),
and the verb is compared to the list of commands in the string array C$. If a
match is not found, an error message is printed along with a list of acceptable
verbs. If there is a match, the appropriate routine is jumped to in line 290. If
the player just hits RETURN, rather than typing anything, his previous command
is repeated.
Lines 300-900 control combat. Each
monster in the room gets its chance to attack. Morale is checked for each
monster: if the morale check fails, the monster flees from the room. A monster’s
morale decreases as it is wounded. Line 900 is "GOTO 100" - forming the (nearly)
infinite loop.
Lines 1000-2000 handle
initialization. Variable and arrays are set to their initial values, and data is
read in from disk. The list of command words is in line 1920.
Lines 2000-3000 handle the end of the
game. If your character lives, he gets to sell his treasures and return to the
MAIN HALL program. If he died, the MAIN HALL program runs THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF
EAMON, giving you the chance to start a new character.
Lines 3000-4000 handle movement. The
program determines which direction you want to move, and checks to see if it’s
possible. If it is, you are moved into another room.
Lines 3600-3900 handle monster
reaction. If the monster hasn’t been met before, "dice" - random numbers - are
rolled and compared to its "Friendliness." The monster will be either friendly,
neutral, or hostile. If may follow you from room to room (it will always do so
if friendly, never if neutral, and will sometimes chase you when hostile). This
makes monster reaction important to the movement routine.
Lines 4000-5000 handle picking things
up. It checks to see that the item is in the room, and isn’t too heavy. If the
character is unarmed, and the item is a weapon, the weapon becomes his "ready"
weapon - the one he is prepared to fight with. The command "GET ALL" causes the
character to pick up everything that’s not too heavy for him.
Lines 5000-6000 make up the DROP
routine, which is the GET routine in reverse. DROP is used to get rid of
unwanted baggage, and is helpful in combat to arm a comrade who has lost or
broken his weapon. If a weapon is on the floor, any unarmed combatant will pick
it up. (GIVE doesn’t work during combat, though perhaps it should.)
Lines 6000-7000 are the LOOK or
EXAMINE command, which is usually used in the form of "EXAMINE SWORD." The long
description in EAMON.DESC is printed if the thing you’re looking at is in the
room.
Lines 7000-8000 make up the combat
routine. The combat system is suspiciously similar to that in RuneQuest, a
popular fantasy role-playing game (not a computer game). Each creature has a
chance to hit with each category of weapon (axe, bow, spear, and sword). These
numbers are in the range of zero to something over 100. If a random number
between 1 and 100 is less than the chance to hit, the creature hit its opponent.
Critical Hits do extra damage, and Fumbles cause the attacker to drop his weapon
or hurt himself.
Armor absorbs damage, but reduces the wearer’s chance to hit because of its
weight and bulk. Armour Expertise is the skill of compensating for the hampering
effects of wearing armour.
If a creature scores a hit, there is a chance that his skill at the weapon he is
using will increase (practice makes perfect).
Lines 7700-7900 handle dying
creatures. When a creature dies, its weapons and possessions fall to the floor,
and his dead body (an artifact) is placed in the room. Its Courage is reduced to
75% of its current level in case it is resurrected by a POWER spell (having just
died, it would think twice before risking its life again). If the player’s
character dies, the game is over (this is one way out of the nearly infinite
loop).
Lines 8000-9000 handle the FLEE
command. The character flees through a randomly selected exit. Sometimes your
enemies follow, and sometimes they don’t.
Lines 9000-10000 are the GIVE
routine. You can give anything you are carrying to a monster. This sometimes
makes them friendlier. If you use a number, as in "GIVE ORC 500" the program
assumes you are giving that many gold pieces to the monster. Money makes a good
bribe.
Lines 10000-11000 form the IN VENTORY
routine, which prints out the name of everything your character is carrying.
Lines 11000-12000 form the BLAST
spell, which is used to wound opponents. All spells in EAMON decrease in
effectiveness with use: if you have an 80% chance of success on the first
attempt to use the spell, it is reduced to 40% on the second try, 20% on the
third, and so on. This is not a very effective way of limiting spell use, but no
one has changed it yet.
Lines 12000-13000 form the HEAL
spell, which cures wounds on your character, but can’t be used to heal his
friends (someone ought to fix this).
Lines 13000-14000 are the POWER
spell, which does unpredictable things - from causing things to vanish to
raising the dead to collapsing the roof on your head. Many adventures have a
BASE DUNGEON PROGRAM with a modified POWER spell, just for variety.
Lines 14000-15000 make up the SPEED
spell, which increases agility and the base chance to hit. SPEED is nice because
you can cast it on your self before a battle (when spell-casting is safe), and
it lasts a reasonably long time.
Lines 15000-16000 are the SMILE
command, which is a way to try to make friends. It doesn’t really have any
effect on the creatures, but it does tell you how they feel about you.
Lines 16000-17000 make up the SAY
command, which give you an alternate way of casting spells, and little else.
Some adventures use magic words, so this routine is modified to let you open
doors by typing "SAY OPEN SESAME."
Lines 17000-18000 let you READY a
weapon. You can carry a huge number of weapons, but you can only fight with one
at a time. READYing a weapon is how you specify which one you’re using.
Lines 18000-19000 are the "Save Game"
routine, added to the pro gram by John Nelson. The pointers to the start and end
of variable and array space are saved into a binary file, and then the variable
and array spaces are saved into two more binary files.
Lines 19000-20000 restore a saved
game. By retrieving the variables and variable pointers, the game begins exactly
where it left off.
Lines 50000-60000 are the error-
handling routines, consisting of a short machine-language program that helps fix
APPLESOFT’s ON- ERR GOTO bugs, a routine to print out the error message (which
is disabled by ONERR GOTO), and a jump back to 100. This doesn’t always work,
but it’s helpful. If you are running an EAMON adventure that doesn’t have the
error-trapping routine, you can get back to where you left off by typing
POKE 51,0 : GOTO 100
The Base Program is shown in Listing
2. Table 1 gives an explanation of the variables in the program.
The basic instructions for playing
EAMON are given in Listing 1, and tell a lot about the game, especially the
combat details.
The Dungeon Designer Disk contains a
number of programs that help you to create adventures. The most important of
these, DUNGEON EDIT, is used to create the descriptions of rooms, monsters, and
artifacts. There are several other useful programs, as well as the Players’
Manual and the Dungeon Designers’ Manual (which come on text files, with a
program to print them out to the screen or a printer).
Getting EAMON There are two good
sources of EAMON adventures. One is good old A.P.P.L.E., the other is the Apple
Avocation Alliance, Inc.
A.P.P.L.E. has a number of adventures
available on its "As Is Software" disks, which cost $4.00 each.
The Apple Avocation Alliance is in
business to do essentially the same job as A.P.P.L.E.’s "As Is Software" - the
distribution of public-domain software at low prices. Ron Maleika runs 3A almost
single-handedly, and although he has complained about being swamped with orders
recently, service has consistently been very fast - my orders have been filled
from six days to two weeks from the time of mailing them in. A.P.P.L.E. averages
about four weeks.
3A will ship disks on DOS 3.2 or 3.3,
and Ron is actively acquiring all the EAMON adventures in the known universe.
Not a bad deal. Table 2 gives a list of the EAMON adventures in 3A’s October,
1982 catalog, plus two more that Ron told me about later.
If you are not an A.P.P.L.E. member,
you may order direct from:
Apple Avocation Alliance, INC.
721 Pike Street
Cheyenne, Wyoming USA 82009
and enclose $2.00 for a catalog, and $3.00 for year’s subscription. 3A has a
huge number of public-domain pro grams which they sell for $1.00 plus the price
of the disk (currently at $2.15). 3A has over thirty EAMON adventures, including
the EAMON Master Disk (which you must have to run the adventures), the Dungeon
Designer Disk, and two EAMON Utility Disks.
A lot of the features in EAMON are
inelegant, and some are downright crude. Still, EAMON makes a very good system
for adventure games, especially combat-oriented adventures. Since it’s in the
public domain, anyone can use it and try to improve it—but in its present form
it is eminently playable and very enjoyable.
The BASE PROGRAM shows you one way to write an adventure game, and makes a good
starting point for those who want to write their own adventure systems. People
tend to start out by just playing the adventures, but eventually they can’t
resist the temptation to write one. Before they know it, they’re writing their
own adventure system.
Whether you’re one of the fanatics
described above, or just like to play adventure games, EAMON is worth looking
into. The price is right, the variety is stunning, and the quality is
surprisingly high.
Happy adventuring !
EAMON Tournament Adventures:
Utilities
AC - ARMOR CLASS of player
AD%(*,*) - ARTIFACT DATA The first subscript is the number of the artifact, and
the key for the second is: (1 = Value, 2=Type, 3=Weight, 4=Room, 5=Complexity,
6=Weapon Type, 7=Dice, 8=Sides, 9=Flag If Seen)
AE - ARMOR EXPERTISE
AN$(*) - NAME OF ARTIFACTS
BANK - GOLD PLAYER HAS IN BANK
C - HOLDS NUMBER OF COMMAND GIVEN
C$(*) - VERBS PROGRAM RESPONDS TO
CH - PLAYER CHARISMA
CZ$ - LAST COMMAND GIVEN
DF - DEFENDER
DIE- LOGICAL FLAG, 1=PLAYER DIED
DK$ - HOLDS CTRL-D FOR DISK COMMANDS
DR%(*) - ROOM MOVED IN EACH DIRECTION
EA - EFFECT OF ARMOR ON ODDS-TO-HIT
FD%(*) - FULL DAMAGE OF SIDE IN COMBAT
FR - FUMBLER ROLL/FRIEND RATING
GOLD - GOLD PLAYER HAS ON PERSON
HIT- LOGICAL FLAG IF HIT IN COMBAT
INC - LOGICAL FLAG IF ABILITY INCREASED
LK - LOGICAL FLAG IF ‘LOOKED’ ALREADY
MD%(*,*) - MONSTER DATA First subscript is monster number, second key is:1
=HARDINESS, 2=AGILITY, 3=FRIENDLINESS, 4=COURAGE, 5=ROOM, 6=WEIGHT, 7=DEFENSIVE
ODDS (%), 8=ARMOR, 9=WEAPON #, 10=ODDS TO HIT (%), 11=W DICE, 12=W SIDES, 13=
DAMAGE, 14=REACTION; 0-NOT MET, 1-UNFRIENDLY, 2-NEUTRAL, 3-FRIENDLY
MN$(*) - NAME OF MONSTER
MR - MONSTER MORALE
NA - NUMBER OF ARTIFACTS
NBTL - LOGICAL FLAG IF IN BATTLE
NC - NUMBER OF COMMANDS
NM - NUMBER OF MONSTERS
NW - TOTAL COUNT OF WEAPONS IN GAME
NZ - NUMBER ARTIFACTS NOT PLAYER WEAPON
OF - NUMBER OF OFFENSIVE MONSTER
RAISE - LOGICAL FLAG IF POWER RAISED
REC - PLAYER RECORD IN CHAR FILE
RL - RANDOM NUMBER 1-100
ROOM - ROOM PLAYER CURRENTLY IN
RR- RANDOM NUMBER 1-100 FOR POWER
S$ - SUBJECT OF COMMAND GIVEN
S2%(*) - CURRENT SPELL ABILITY
SA%(*) - TOTAL SPELL ABILITY
SEX$ - HOLDS ‘M’ OR ‘F’ FOR PLAYER
SPD - NUMBER OF TURNS SPEED SPELL TO GO
SUC - LOGICAL FLAG IF SPELL SUCCEEDED
TD%(*) - DAMAGE TAKEN FOR SIDE
TP - TOTAL PRICE OF TREASURE
V$ - VERB OF COMMAND
V%(*) - FLAGS IF PLAYER BEEN IN ROOM
WA%(*) - PLAYER’S WEAPON ABILITY
WD%(*) - FOR WEAPON, DICE OF DAMAGE
WN$(*) - NAME OF PLAYER’S WEAPON
WO%(*) - WEAPON COMPLEXITY
WP%(*) - WEAPON POINTER (IN CLOSE)
WS%(*) - SIDES/DIE OF DAMAGE FOR WEAPON
WT - WEIGHT PLAYER CARRYING
WT%(*) - WEAPON TYPE
WZ - NUMBER OF WEAPONS PLAYER BROUGHT
You will have to buy a weapon. Your chance to hit with it will be the weapon complexity, plus your ability in that class, plus twice your agility.
The five classes of weapons (and your current abilities with each) are –
Club/Mace 20%
Spear 10%
Axe 5%
Sword 0%
Bow -10%
Every time you score a hit in battle, your ability in the weapon class may go
up by 2%, if a random number from 1-100 is less than your chance to miss!
There are four armour types, and you may also carry a shield if you do not use a
two-handed weapon. These protections will absorb hits placed upon you (almost
always!) but they lower your chance to hit. The protections are -
Armor Hits Protect Odds Adjust
None 0 -0%
Leather 1 -10%
Chain 2 -20%
Plate 5 -60%
Shield 1 - 5%
You will develop an armour expertise, which will go up when you hit a blow
wearing armour and your expertise is less than the armour you are wearing. No
matter how high your armour expertise is, however, the net effect of armour will
never increase your chance to hit.
You can carry weights up to ten times your hardiness, or 150 gronds. (A measure
of weight, one grond = 10 DOS.)
Additionally, your hardiness tells how many points of damage you can survive.
Therefore, you can be hit with 15 1-point blows before you die.
However, you will not be told how many blows you have taken. You will be merely
told things such as -
"Wow! That one hurt!"
or "You don’t feel very well."
Your charisma (20) affects how citizens of EAMON react to you. You affect a
monster’s friendliness rating by your charisma less ten, difference times two
(20%).
You start off with 200 gold pieces, which you will want to spend on supplies for
your first adventure. You will get a lower price for items if your charisma is
high.
After you begin to accumulate wealth, you may want to put some of your money
into the bank, where it cannot be stolen. However, it is a good idea to carry
some gold with you for use in bargaining and ransom situations.
You may also hire a wizard to teach you some magic spells. There are four spells
you may learn.
Blast -Hurt your enemies from a distance.
Heal -Remove damage from your body.
Speed -Double your dexterity for a time.
Power -Does something weird. The exact effect is unpredictable.
Other types of magic may work in various adventures and items may have
special properties. However, these will not work in other adventures than where
they were found. Thus, it is best (and you have no choice but to) sell all items
found in adventures, except for weapons and armour.
The man behind the desk takes back the instructions and says, "It is now time
for you to start your life." He makes an odd sign with his hand and says, "Live
long and prosper."
You now wander into the main hall.
A listing of the Eamon Adventure Base Program 2.1 concluded the article, but is omitted from this internet version.
** THAT’S ALL, FOLKS!
Call -APPLE. March 1983